food desert and health disparity

Food deserts are indicators of more than just socioeconomic injustice; they indicate public health and safety concerns for those living within their borders. Residents with a chronic lack of access to adequate food resources are shown to have higher rates of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease¹. Restricted access to healthy foods may magnify health disparities that lead to higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease⁴.

To research how food deserts affect health disparities, you can look at studies that examine the relationship between food insecurity and chronic health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, mental health disorders, and other chronic diseases². You can also look at studies that examine the impact of food deserts on different populations, such as low-income communities and communities of color².

(1) https://sites.duke.edu/lit290s-1_02_s2017/2017/03/04/health-and-socioeconomic-disparities-of-food-deserts/#:~:text=Food%20deserts%20are%20indicators%20of%20more%20than%20just,rates%20of%20diabetes%2C%20obesity%2C%20and%20cardiovascular%20disease%20%28Corapi%29.. https://sites.duke.edu/lit290s-1_02_s2017/2017/03/04/health-and-socioeconomic-disparities-of-food-deserts/.

(2) Along With Health Care Disparity, Effects Of Food Deserts Likely Making .... https://blockclubchicago.org/2020/04/10/along-with-health-care-disparity-and-poverty-effects-of-food-deserts-likely-making-covid-19-more-deadly-for-black-chicagoans/.

(3) Food Accessibility, Insecurity and Health Outcomes - NIMHD. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/resources/understanding-health-disparities/food-accessibility-insecurity-and-health-outcomes.html.

(4) The changing landscape of food deserts - PMC - National Center for .... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7299236/.

(5) Food insecurity in the US: An explainer and research roundup. https://journalistsresource.org/home/food-insecurity-health/.

(6) Food Deserts: Causes, Effects, and Solutions - Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-deserts.

ADVANCE

 

there 4.8 million patient

SQL database 

There are demographic information, income information. 

ADVNACE

 

ADVANCE is working to improve the health of vulnerable populations

https://ochin.org/advance-network

http://advancecollaborative.org/

AI has the worst superpower… medical racism.

 

https://lukeoakdenrayner.wordpress.com/2021/08/02/ai-has-the-worst-superpower-medical-racism/

Red blood cell trait in African Americans

=> Genome-wide association analysis of red blood cell traits in African Americans: the COGENT Network

Zhao Chen1, Hua Tang3, Rehan Qayyum4, Ursula M. Schick5, Michael A. Nalls6, Robert

Handsaker7, Jin Li8, Yingchang Lu10, Lisa R. Yanek15, Brendan Keating16, Yan Meng18,

Frank J.A. van Rooij19, Yukinori Okada20,21,22, Michiaki Kubo23, Laura Rasmussen-Torvik24,

Margaux F. Keller25, Leslie Lange26, Michele Evans27, Erwin P. Bottinger11, Michael D.

Linderman12, Douglas M. Ruderfer13, Hakon Hakonarson8,9,17, George Papanicolaou28,

Alan B. Zonderman29, Omri Gottesman11, BioBank Japan Project, CHARGE Consortium,

Cynthia Thomson2, Elad Ziv30, Andrew B. Singleton25, Ruth J.F. Loos14, Patrick M.A.

Sleiman8,9,17, Santhi Ganesh31, Steven McCarroll32,33, Diane M. Becker4, James G. Wilson34,

Guillaume Lettre35 and Alexander P. Reiner5,36,∗

=> Genome-wide association study of white blood cell count in 16,388 African Americans: the continental origins and genetic epidemiology network (COGENT).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21738479

PLoS Genet. 2011 Jun;7(6):e1002108. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002108. Epub 2011 Jun 30.

admixture mapping

admixture mapping
two ancestral population

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syKWlFjzUss

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGha8i8Xzpk

health disparity gene expression datasets, collection, data resources

Differential endothelial cell gene expression by African Americans versus Caucasian Americans: A possible contribution to health disparity in vascular disease and cancer
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22688
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21223544


PLoS One. 2008 Aug 6;3(8):e2847. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002847.
Gene expression and functional studies of the optic nerve head astrocyte transcriptome from normal African Americans and Caucasian Americans donors.
Miao H1, Chen L, Riordan SM, Li W, Juarez S, Crabb AM, Lukas TJ, Du P, Lin SM, Wise A, Agapova OA, Yang P, Gu CC, Hernandez MR.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18716680


Genome Biol. 2008;9(7):R111. doi: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-7-r111. Epub 2008 Jul 9.
Susceptibility to glaucoma: differential comparison of the astrocyte transcriptome from glaucomatous African American and Caucasian American donors.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18613964


Physiol Genomics. 2011 Jul 14;43(13):836-43. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00243.2010. Epub 2011 Apr 26.
Gene expression variation between African Americans and whites is associated with coronary artery calcification: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21521779

review, subclinical coronalry atherosclerosis, racial profiling is necessary
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17070140


General Cardiovascular Risk Profile identifies advanced coronary artery calcium and is improved by family history: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20160201


J Transl Med. 2013 Oct 1;11:239. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-239.
Quantitative proteomic analysis in HCV-induced HCC reveals sets of proteins with potential significance for racial disparity.
Dillon ST, Bhasin MK, Feng X, Koh DW, Daoud SS.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24283668

Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2013 Jan;41(1):44-54. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e318279cbbd.
Are there race-dependent endothelial cell responses to exercise?
Brown MD1, Feairheller DL.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23262464

CNV basics, human, African American, McElroy 2009

McElroy 2009 BMC Genetics

3.5 CNV per individual in African Americans
4.8 CNV per individual in white (a bit inflated due to the reference)
when the reference is a pool of 50 randomly chosen AA women were used as references.

Except two CNV (one on chr17 and one on chr15), all other CNVs vary within 10% between African American and Caucasians.

CNV annotator on HSPB1 and ATP2A1

Use gene-specific search on HSPB1

EC 2.4.1.38

http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.4.1.38

two step ranking

q< 0.2 and p<0.1 (top candidates should often be better than 0.2), chose only consistent clusters.

then sort from low to high by q1*q2

CYP2E1 needs discussion

description of I values needs changes.

methods needs update.

focus on consistent 3 clusters HSPB1, ATP2A1, CYP2E1. 

   1. delete crx
2. add CYP2E1
3. prepare pic for clusters
4. change methodology
5. clustering descriptive statistics. 

non-hodgkin lymphoma

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphoma/detailedguide/non-hodgkin-lymphoma-risk-factors

Open clinic trial data

http://www.clinicaltrialstudytransparency.com/

cluster 175, 214, health diparity

 

Todo: sequence comparison of HSPB1 and CRY proteins

Topics on food and/or health disparity (in progress)

Ron Finley: A guerilla gardenner, Ted Talk
  "Food is the problem and the solution". 
  "Growing your food is like printing your money."


Type 2 diabetes declines along out-of-Africa.
http://ailun.stanford.edu/pdf/Diabetes.pdf


Hemoglobin

Prostate cancer